ASOC(ＡＬＳＡ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ ｏｎ ｃｈｉｐ）。是由ｗｏｌｆｓｏｎ公司做的一个针对嵌入式移动设备的声音驱动的架构。支持三种不同的ＣＯＤＥＣ接口：ＡＣ９７（Ｉｎｔｅｌ），Ｉ２Ｓ（Ｐｈｉｌｉｐｓ），ＰＣＭ接口。ＡＳＯＣ在实现上区分了具体的平台和ＣＯＤＥＣ，从而使得同一个ＣＯＤＥＣ芯片可以在不同的体系结构中使用。而相关的与体系统结构相关的部分主要实现ＤＭＡ的传输和控制管理。
所谓ALSA，（Advansed Linux Sound Architecture，高级Linux声音架构），是Linux 2.6 版本内核的声音子系统。
2.4版本的声音子系统叫OSS（Open Sound System，开放声音系统），现以去除，不过为了兼容，ALSA会提供OSS的接口（设备节点）。
本驱动框架分析基于mini2440开发板，其中配备了片上系统s3c2440，声卡Uda1341。
分析包括的文件有：
arch\arm\mach-s3c2440\Mach-mini2440.c （平台设备）
sound\soc\s3c24xx\S3c24xx_uda134x.c （平台驱动）
sound\soc\Soc-core.c （ALSA主模块）
sound\soc\codecs\Uda134x.c （声音控制）
sound\soc\s3c24xx\S3c24xx-i2s.c （i2s初始化）
sound\soc\s3c24xx\S3c24xx-pcm.c （音频码流传输）
arch\arm\mach-s3c2440\Mach-mini2440.c
文件设置了各种各样的mini2440平台设备，当我们需要注册平台驱动的时候，会去比对该文件中设备的名称跟我们自己驱动的设备名称，发现同名设备则调用驱动内的probe函数。
View Code static struct platform_device s3c24xx_uda134x = { .name = "s3c24xx_uda134x", .dev = { .platform_data = &s3c24xx_uda134x_data, } }; static struct s3c24xx_uda134x_platform_data s3c24xx_uda134x_data = { .l3_clk = S3C2410_GPB(4), .l3_data = S3C2410_GPB(3), .l3_mode = S3C2410_GPB(2), .model = UDA134X_UDA1341, };
sound\soc\s3c24xx\S3c24xx_uda134x.c
设置了跟Mach-mini2440.c中同名的驱动"s3c24xx_uda134x"
View Code S3c24xx_uda134x.c //平台驱动 static struct platform_driver s3c24xx_uda134x_driver = { .probe = s3c24xx_uda134x_probe, .remove = s3c24xx_uda134x_remove, .driver = { .name = "s3c24xx_uda134x", .owner = THIS_MODULE, }, };
发现同名设备后调用probe函数
probe函数内部创建了名为“soc-audio”的声卡设备，然后用s3c24xx_uda134x_snd_devdata设置设备信息
View Code s3c24xx_uda134x_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) s3c24xx_uda134x_setup_pin(s3c24xx_uda134x_l3_pins->l3_data,"data") //初始化l3所用到的gpio s3c24xx_uda134x_setup_pin(s3c24xx_uda134x_l3_pins->l3_clk,"clk") s3c24xx_uda134x_setup_pin(s3c24xx_uda134x_l3_pins->l3_mode,"mode") s3c24xx_uda134x_snd_device = platform_device_alloc("soc-audio", -1); //创建声卡dev（名字为soc-audio） platform_set_drvdata(s3c24xx_uda134x_snd_device,&s3c24xx_uda134x_snd_devdata); platform_device_add(s3c24xx_uda134x_snd_device);
s3c24xx_uda134x_snd_devdata是对整个声卡结构体的封装
View Code static struct snd_soc_device s3c24xx_uda134x_snd_devdata = { .card = &snd_soc_s3c24xx_uda134x, .codec_dev = &soc_codec_dev_uda134x, .codec_data = &s3c24xx_uda134x,}; 其中的snd_soc_s3c24xx_uda134x联系起声卡驱动各个模块
View Code static struct snd_soc_card snd_soc_s3c24xx_uda134x = { .name = "S3C24XX_UDA134X", .platform = &s3c24xx_soc_platform, //S3c24xx-pcm.c,向用户空间提供pcm操作函数 .dai_link = &s3c24xx_uda134x_dai_link, //关联codec（uda134x）跟cpu（s3c24xx） .num_links = 1, }; dai（digital audio interface，数字音频接口），dai_link包含了两个dai接口：uda134x_dai 跟 s3c24xx_i2s_dai
View Code static struct snd_soc_dai_link s3c24xx_uda134x_dai_link = { .name = "UDA134X", .stream_name = "UDA134X", .codec_dai = &uda134x_dai, //Uda134x.c,创建声卡设备 .cpu_dai = &s3c24xx_i2s_dai, //S3c24xx-i2s.c,初始化i2s .ops = &s3c24xx_uda134x_ops, };
sound\soc\Soc-core.c
开始创建声卡驱动，作为总线设备驱动框架下的一员，在发现同名设备“soc-audio”后，soc_driver中的probe函数会被调用
View Code Soc-core.c //声卡drv static struct platform_driver soc_driver = { .driver = { .name = "soc-audio", .owner = THIS_MODULE, .pm = &soc_pm_ops, }, .probe = soc_probe, .remove = soc_remove, }; 在probe函数内部会把新增的声卡snd_soc_s3c24xx_uda134x加入card链表card_list,然后对声卡链表的每个节点，进行platform（码流传输模块），dai_list（数字音频接口）比对，如果发现相同，则调用各自的probe函数（这里card没有probe函数）
View Code soc_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) struct snd_soc_device *socdev = platform_get_drvdata(pdev); struct snd_soc_card *card = socdev->card; ret = snd_soc_register_card(card); list_add(&card->list, &card_list); snd_soc_instantiate_cards(); list_for_each_entry(card, &card_list, list) snd_soc_instantiate_card(card); list_for_each_entry(platform, &platform_list, list) if (card->platform == platform) { found = 1; break; } list_for_each_entry(dai, &dai_list, list) if (card->dai_link[i].cpu_dai == dai) { found = 1; break; } for (i = 0; i < card->num_links; i++) { if (!card->dai_link[i].codec_dai->ops) card->dai_link[i].codec_dai->ops = &null_dai_ops; } card->probe(pdev); cpu_dai->probe(pdev, cpu_dai); //s3c24xx_i2s_probe codec_dev->probe(pdev); //uda134x_soc_probe platform->probe(pdev);
另外，Soc-core.c中也向外提供函数，如：
View Code snd_soc_init_card(struct snd_soc_device *socdev) snd_card_register(codec->card); //位于sound\core\init.c device_create(sound_class, card->dev,MKDEV(0, 0), card,"card%i", card->number); //创建设备节点
可以注意到上方的函数中，probe有四个，除了已经注册的一个card之外，还有另外三个
以下三个文件就是这三个probe所在的变量的本体
Uda134x.c
提供音量控制等的声音操作函数，并且向pcm提供声音操作函数
View Code uda134x_init(void) snd_soc_register_dai(&uda134x_dai); /*Soc-core.c提供该函数*/ list_add(&dai->list, &dai_list); //uda134x_dai加入dai_list snd_soc_instantiate_cards(); list_for_each_entry(card, &card_list, list) snd_soc_instantiate_card(card); list_for_each_entry(platform, &platform_list, list) if (card->platform == platform) { found = 1; break; } list_for_each_entry(dai, &dai_list, list) if (card->dai_link[i].cpu_dai == dai) { found = 1; break; } for (i = 0; i < card->num_links; i++) { if (!card->dai_link[i].codec_dai->ops) card->dai_link[i].codec_dai->ops = &null_dai_ops; } card->probe(pdev); cpu_dai->probe(pdev, cpu_dai); //s3c24xx_i2s_probe codec_dev->probe(pdev); //uda134x_soc_probe platform->probe(pdev); struct snd_soc_dai uda134x_dai = { .name = "UDA134X", /* playback capabilities */ .playback = { .stream_name = "Playback", .channels_min = 1, .channels_max = 2, .rates = UDA134X_RATES, .formats = UDA134X_FORMATS, }, /* capture capabilities */ .capture = { .stream_name = "Capture", .channels_min = 1, .channels_max = 2, .rates = UDA134X_RATES, .formats = UDA134X_FORMATS, }, /* pcm operations */ .ops = &uda134x_dai_ops, }; static struct snd_soc_dai_ops uda134x_dai_ops = { .startup = uda134x_startup, .shutdown = uda134x_shutdown, .hw_params = uda134x_hw_params, .digital_mute = uda134x_mute, .set_sysclk = uda134x_set_dai_sysclk, .set_fmt = uda134x_set_dai_fmt, }; 另外就是该文件提供的probe函数是最终创建出声卡实例，使声卡能够运行于操作系统之上
View Code uda134x_soc_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) snd_soc_new_pcms(socdev, SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX1, SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR1); //创建声卡pcm实例 soc_new_pcm(socdev, &card->dai_link[i], i) //S3c-core.c提供的实例创建函数 snd_pcm_new(codec->card, new_name, codec->pcm_devs++, playback,capture, &pcm); snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &soc_pcm_ops); //设置操作函数 ret = platform->pcm_new(codec->card, codec_dai, pcm); //platform = s3c24xx_soc_platform, pcm_new = s3c24xx_pcm_new, s3c24xx_pcm_new(struct snd_card *card,struct snd_soc_dai *dai, struct snd_pcm *pcm) s3c24xx_pcm_preallocate_dma_buffer(pcm,SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK); //分配DMA snd_soc_add_controls(codec, uda1341_snd_controls,ARRAY_SIZE(uda1341_snd_controls)); //将声卡与混频控制单元关联，控制音量 snd_soc_init_card(socdev); //Soc-core.c提供，提交声卡（创建设备节点） struct snd_soc_codec_device soc_codec_dev_uda134x = { .probe = uda134x_soc_probe, .remove = uda134x_soc_remove, .suspend = uda134x_soc_suspend, .resume = uda134x_soc_resume, }; static struct snd_soc_device s3c24xx_uda134x_snd_devdata = { .card = &snd_soc_s3c24xx_uda134x, .codec_dev = &soc_codec_dev_uda134x, .codec_data = &s3c24xx_uda134x, }; static const struct snd_kcontrol_new uda1340_snd_controls[] = { //声音控制 SOC_SINGLE("Master Playback Volume", UDA134X_DATA000, 0, 0x3F, 1), SOC_SINGLE("Tone Control - Bass", UDA134X_DATA001, 2, 0xF, 0), SOC_SINGLE("Tone Control - Treble", UDA134X_DATA001, 0, 3, 0), SOC_ENUM("Sound Processing Filter", uda134x_mixer_enum[0]), SOC_ENUM("PCM Playback De-emphasis", uda134x_mixer_enum[1]), SOC_SINGLE("DC Filter Enable Switch", UDA134X_STATUS0, 0, 1, 0), };
S3c24xx-i2s.c
进行soc的i2s端口的初始化，向pcm提供i2s操作接口，在probe函数内初始化i2s用到的GPIO
View Code s3c24xx_i2s_exit(void) snd_soc_register_dai(&s3c24xx_i2s_dai); /*Soc-core.c提供该函数*/ list_add(&dai->list, &dai_list); snd_soc_instantiate_cards(); list_for_each_entry(card, &card_list, list) snd_soc_instantiate_card(card); list_for_each_entry(platform, &platform_list, list) if (card->platform == platform) { found = 1; break; } list_for_each_entry(dai, &dai_list, list) if (card->dai_link[i].cpu_dai == dai) { found = 1; break; } for (i = 0; i < card->num_links; i++) { if (!card->dai_link[i].codec_dai->ops) card->dai_link[i].codec_dai->ops = &null_dai_ops; } card->probe(pdev); cpu_dai->probe(pdev, cpu_dai); //s3c24xx_i2s_probe codec_dev->probe(pdev); //uda134x_soc_probe platform->probe(pdev); struct snd_soc_dai s3c24xx_i2s_dai = { .name = "s3c24xx-i2s", .id = 0, .probe = s3c24xx_i2s_probe, .suspend = s3c24xx_i2s_suspend, .resume = s3c24xx_i2s_resume, .playback = { .channels_min = 2, .channels_max = 2, .rates = S3C24XX_I2S_RATES, .formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S8 | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,}, .capture = { .channels_min = 2, .channels_max = 2, .rates = S3C24XX_I2S_RATES, .formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S8 | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,}, .ops = &s3c24xx_i2s_dai_ops, }; static struct snd_soc_dai_ops s3c24xx_i2s_dai_ops = { .trigger = s3c24xx_i2s_trigger, .hw_params = s3c24xx_i2s_hw_params, .set_fmt = s3c24xx_i2s_set_fmt, .set_clkdiv = s3c24xx_i2s_set_clkdiv, .set_sysclk = s3c24xx_i2s_set_sysclk, }; s3c24xx_i2s_probe(struct platform_device *pdev,struct snd_soc_dai *dai) /* Configure the I2S pins in correct mode */ s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPE0, S3C2410_GPE0_I2SLRCK); s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPE1, S3C2410_GPE1_I2SSCLK); s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPE2, S3C2410_GPE2_CDCLK); s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPE3, S3C2410_GPE3_I2SSDI); s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPE4, S3C2410_GPE4_I2SSDO); writel(S3C2410_IISCON_IISEN, s3c24xx_i2s.regs + S3C2410_IISCON); s3c24xx_snd_txctrl(0); s3c24xx_snd_rxctrl(0);
S3c24xx-pcm.c
向设备节点提供pcm操作函数ioctl等，后面会被封装成设备节点的fops，没有probe函数
View Code struct snd_soc_platform s3c24xx_soc_platform = { .name = "s3c24xx-audio", .pcm_ops = &s3c24xx_pcm_ops, .pcm_new = s3c24xx_pcm_new, .pcm_free = s3c24xx_pcm_free_dma_buffers, }; static struct snd_pcm_ops s3c24xx_pcm_ops = { .open = s3c24xx_pcm_open, .close = s3c24xx_pcm_close, .ioctl = snd_pcm_lib_ioctl, .hw_params = s3c24xx_pcm_hw_params, .hw_free = s3c24xx_pcm_hw_free, .prepare = s3c24xx_pcm_prepare, .trigger = s3c24xx_pcm_trigger, .pointer = s3c24xx_pcm_pointer, .mmap = s3c24xx_pcm_mmap, };
总结：
